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Fanny Hill
''Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure'' (popularly known as ''Fanny Hill'') is an erotic novel by English novelist John Cleland first published in London in 1748. Written while the author was in debtors' prison in London,〔Wagner, "Introduction," in Cleland, ''Fanny Hill,'' 1985, p. 7.〕〔Lane, ''Obscene Profits: The Entrepreneurs of Pornography in the Cyber Age,'' 2000, p. 11.〕 it is considered "the first original English prose pornography, and the first pornography to use the form of the novel".〔Foxon, ''Libertine Literature in England, 1660-1745,'' 1965, p. 45.〕 One of the most prosecuted and banned books in history, it has become a synonym for obscenity.
==Publishing history==
The novel was published in two installments, on November 21, 1748 and February 1749, respectively, by "G. Fenton", actually Fenton Griffiths and his brother Ralph.〔Roger Lonsdale, "New attributions to John Cleland", ''The Review of English Studies'' 1979 XXX(119):268-290 〕 Initially, there was no governmental reaction to the novel, and it was only in November 1749, a year after the first instalment was published, that Cleland and Ralph Griffiths were arrested and charged with "corrupting the King's subjects." In court, Cleland renounced the novel and it was officially withdrawn.
However, as the book became popular, pirate editions appeared. It was once suspected that the sodomy scene near the end that Fanny witnesses in disgust was an interpolation made for these pirated editions, but as Peter Sabor states in the introduction to the Oxford edition of ''Memoirs'' (1985), that scene is present in the first edition (p. xxiii). In the 19th century, copies of the book sold underground in the UK, the US and elsewhere.〔
The book eventually made its way to the United States. In 1821, in the first known obscenity case in the United States, a Massachusetts court outlawed Fanny Hill. The publisher, Peter Holmes, was convicted for printing a "lewd and obscene" novel. Holmes appealed to the Massachusetts Supreme Court. He claimed that the judge, relying only on the prosecution's description, had not even seen the book. The state Supreme Court wasn't swayed. The Chief Justice wrote that Holmes was "a scandalous and evil disposed person" who had contrived to "debauch and corrupt" the citizens of Massachusetts and "to raise and create in their minds inordinate and lustful desires."
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